3- Google 's Owner :-
Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin (Russian: Серге́й Миха́йлович Брин) born August 21, 1973 is a Russian American computer scientist and industrialist who, along with Larry Page, is best known as the co-founder of Google, Inc., the world’s largest Internet company, based on its search engine and online advertising technology.
Brin immigrated to the United States from the Soviet Union at the age of six. Earning his undergraduate degree at the University of Maryland, he followed in his father's and grandfather's footsteps by studying mathematics, double-majoring in computer science. After graduation, he moved to Stanford to acquire a Ph.D in computer science. There he met Larry Page, whom he later befriended. They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin’s data mining system to build a superior search engine. The program became popular at Stanford and they suspended their Ph.D studies to start up Google in a rented garage.
The Economist magazine referred to Brin as an "Enlightenment Man", and someone who believes that "knowledge is always good, and certainly always better than ignorance", a philosophy that is summed up by Google’s motto of making all the world’s information "universally accessible and useful"[7] and "Don't be evil".
Lawrence "Larry" Page[2] (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist and industrialist who, with Sergey Brin, is best known as the co-founder of Google.
Page was born into a Jewish family in East Lansing, Michigan[3][4] where his parents were computer science professors at Michigan State University.[5] During an interview, Page said that "their house was usually a mess, with computers and Popular Science magazines all over the place." His attraction to computers started when he was six years old when he got to "play with the stuff lying around." He became the "first kid in his elementary school to turn in an assignment from a word processor."[6] His older brother also taught him to take things apart, and before long he was taking "everything in his house apart to see how it worked." He said,"From a very early age, I also realized I wanted to invent things. So I became really interested in technology...and business. So probably from when I was 12, I knew I was going to start a company eventually."[6]
Page attended the Okemos Montessori School (now called Montessori Radmoor) in Okemos, Michigan from 1975 to 1979, and graduated from East Lansing High School (1991).[7] He holds a Bachelor of Science degree in computer engineering from the University of Michigan with honours and a Masters degree in computer science from Stanford University. While at the University of Michigan, "Page created an inkjet printer made of Lego bricks" (actually a line plotter),[8] served as the president of the HKN in Fall 1994,[9] and was a member of the solar car team.
After enrolling for a Ph.D. program in computer science at Stanford University, Larry Page was in search of a dissertation theme and considered exploring the mathematical properties of the World Wide Web, understanding its link structure as a huge graph.[10] His supervisor Terry Winograd encouraged him to pursue this idea, which Page later recalled as "the best advice I ever got".[11] Page then focused on the problem of finding out which web pages link to a given page, considering the number and nature of such backlinks to be valuable information about that page (with the role of citations in academic publishing in mind).[10] In his research project, nicknamed "BackRub", he was soon joined by Sergey Brin, a fellow Stanford Ph.D. student.[10]
John Battelle, co-founder of Wired magazine, wrote of Page that he had reasoned that the "entire Web was loosely based on the premise of citation – after all, what is a link but a citation? If he could devise a method to count and qualify each backlink on the Web, as Page puts it 'the Web would become a more valuable place'."[10] Battelle further described how Page and Brin began working together on the project:
"At the time Page conceived of BackRub, the Web comprised an estimated 10 million documents, with an untold number of links between them. The computing resources required to crawl such a beast were well beyond the usual bounds of a student project. Unaware of exactly what he was getting into, Page began building out his crawler.
"The idea's complexity and scale lured Brin to the job. A polymath who had jumped from project to project without settling on a thesis topic, he found the premise behind BackRub fascinating. "I talked to lots of research groups" around the school, Brin recalls, "and this was the most exciting project, both because it tackled the Web, which represents human knowledge, and because I liked Larry."[10]
Brin and Page originally met in March 1995, during a spring orientation of new computer Ph.D. candidates. Brin, who had already been in the program for two years, was assigned to show some students, including Page, around campus, and they later became good friends.[12]
To convert the backlink data gathered by BackRub's web crawler into a measure of importance for a given web page, Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm, and realized that it could be used to build a search engine far superior to existing ones.[10] It relied on a new kind of technology that analyzed the relevance of the back links that connected one Web page to another.[12] In August 1996, the initial version of Google was made available, still on the Stanford University Web site.[10]
Monday, May 16, 2011
2- Google's History
2- Google's History
Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.[1]While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites.[25] They called this new technology PageRank, where a website's relevance was determined by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site.[26][27] A small search engine called "RankDex" from IDD Information Services designed by Robin Li was, since 1996, already exploring a similar strategy for site-scoring and page ranking.[28] The technology in RankDex would be patented [29] and used later when Li founded Baidu in China.[30][31] Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.[32][33][34] Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word "googol",[35][36] the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was meant to signify the amount of information the search engine was to handle.[37] Originally, Google ran under the Stanford University website, with the domain google.stanford.edu.[38] The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997,[39] and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in a friend's (Susan Wojcicki [1]) garage in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein, a fellow Ph.D. student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee.[1][40][41]
Google began in January 1996 as a research project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin when they were both PhD students at Stanford University in California.[1]While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, the two theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships between websites.[25] They called this new technology PageRank, where a website's relevance was determined by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, that linked back to the original site.[26][27] A small search engine called "RankDex" from IDD Information Services designed by Robin Li was, since 1996, already exploring a similar strategy for site-scoring and page ranking.[28] The technology in RankDex would be patented [29] and used later when Li founded Baidu in China.[30][31] Page and Brin originally nicknamed their new search engine "BackRub", because the system checked backlinks to estimate the importance of a site.[32][33][34] Eventually, they changed the name to Google, originating from a misspelling of the word "googol",[35][36] the number one followed by one hundred zeros, which was meant to signify the amount of information the search engine was to handle.[37] Originally, Google ran under the Stanford University website, with the domain google.stanford.edu.[38] The domain name for Google was registered on September 15, 1997,[39] and the company was incorporated on September 4, 1998. It was based in a friend's (Susan Wojcicki [1]) garage in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein, a fellow Ph.D. student at Stanford, was hired as the first employee.[1][40][41]
1- What 's Google
1- What 's Google
Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products,[6] The company's stated mission from the outset was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful",[11] Google runs over one million servers in data centers around the world,[14] and processes over one billion search requests[15] and about twenty-four petabytes of user-generated data every day.[16][17][18]. The company offers online productivity software, such as its Gmail e-mail software, and social networking tools, including Orkut and, more recently, Google Buzz. Google's products extend to the desktop as well, with applications such as the web browser Google Chrome, the Picasa photo organization and editing software, and the Google Talk instant messaging application. Alexa lists the main U.S.-focused google.com site as the Internet's most visited website, and numerous international google sites (google.co.in, google.co.uk etc.) are in the top hundred, as are several other Google-owned sites such as Youtube, Blogger, and Orkut.[20]
Google Inc. is an American multinational public corporation invested in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising technologies. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products,[6] The company's stated mission from the outset was "to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful",[11] Google runs over one million servers in data centers around the world,[14] and processes over one billion search requests[15] and about twenty-four petabytes of user-generated data every day.[16][17][18]. The company offers online productivity software, such as its Gmail e-mail software, and social networking tools, including Orkut and, more recently, Google Buzz. Google's products extend to the desktop as well, with applications such as the web browser Google Chrome, the Picasa photo organization and editing software, and the Google Talk instant messaging application. Alexa lists the main U.S.-focused google.com site as the Internet's most visited website, and numerous international google sites (google.co.in, google.co.uk etc.) are in the top hundred, as are several other Google-owned sites such as Youtube, Blogger, and Orkut.[20]
References
References
1. ^ a b c d e f g "Google Milestones". Corporate Information. Google, Inc.. http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
2. ^ Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Google Inc. (Delaware). August 24, 2004. http://investor.google.com/corporate/certificate-of-incorporation.html. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
3. ^ a b c d e "Financial Tables". Google Investor Relations. http://investor.google.com/fin_data.html. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
4. ^ a b c d e U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2009). "Form 10-K". Washington, D.C.: United States of America. Part II, Item 6. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312510030774/d10k.htm#toc95279_8. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
5. ^ "Google Announces Third Quarter 2010 Financial Results". Google Investor Relations. October 14, 2010. http://investor.google.com/earnings/2010/Q3_google_earnings.html#g-doc. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
6. ^ See: List of Google products.
7. ^ David A. Vise (October 21, 2005). [David A. Vise "Online Ads Give Google Huge Gain in Profit"]. The Washington Post. David A. Vise. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
8. ^ Ignatius, Adi (February 12, 2006). "Meet the Google Guys". Time Magazine (San Francisco, CA: Time Inc.). http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1158956,00.html. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
9. ^ "The Google Guys". CBS News.com (CBS Interactive). March 12, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4835250n&tag=mncol;lst;1. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
10. ^ Barrett, Brian (February 4, 2010). "Google Wants to Add Store Interiors to Maps". Gizmodo. http://gizmodo.com/5464532/google-wants-to-add-store-interiors-to-maps. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
11. ^ "Google Corporate Information". Google, Inc.. http://www.google.com/corporate/. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
12. ^ "Google Code of Conduct". Google, Inc.. April 8, 2009. http://investor.google.com/conduct.html. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
13. ^ Lenssen, Philip (July 16, 2007). 16, 2007-n55.html "Paul Buchheit on Gmail, AdSense and More". Google Blogscoped. http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2007-07-16-n55.html 16, 2007-n55.html. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
14. ^ "Pandia Search Engine News — Google: one million servers and counting". Pandia Search Engine News. July 2, 2007. http://www.pandia.com/sew/481-gartner.html. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
15. ^ Kuhn, Eric (December 18, 2009). "CNN Politics — Political Ticker... Google unveils top political searches of 2009". CNN. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/18/google-unveils-top-political-searches-of-2009/. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
16. ^ "MapReduce". Portal.acm.org. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1327452.1327492. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
17. ^ Czajkowski, Grzegorz (November 21, 2008). "Sorting 1PB with MapReduce". Official Google Blog. Google, Inc.. http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/sorting-1pb-with-mapreduce.html. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
18. ^ Kennedy, Niall (January 8, 2008). "Google processes over 20 petabytes of data per day". Niall Kennedy's Weblog. Niall Kennedy. http://www.niallkennedy.com/blog/2008/01/google-mapreduce-stats.html. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
19. ^ Schonfeld, Erick (January 9, 2008). "Google Processing 20,000 Terabytes A Day, And Growing". TechCrunch. TechCrunch. http://techcrunch.com/2008/01/09/google-processing-20000-terabytes-a-day-and-growing/. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
20. ^ "Alexa Traffic Rank for Google (three month average)". Alexa Internet. http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/google.com. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
21. ^ "Top 100 Most Powerful Brands of 2009" (PDF). BrandZ. 2008. p. 9. http://c1547732.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/BrandZ_Top100_2010.pdf. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
22. ^ "Google ranked 'worst' on privacy". BBC News. June 11, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6740075.stm. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
23. ^ Rosen, Jeffrey (November 30, 2008). "Google’s Gatekeepers". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/magazine/30google-t.html?_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss&pagewanted=all. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
24. ^ Williamson, Alan (January 12, 2005). "An evening with Google's Marissa Mayer". Alan Williamson. http://alan.blog-city.com/an_evening_with_googles_marissa_mayer.htm. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
25. ^ Page, Lawrence; Brin, Sergey; Motwani, Rajeev; Winograd, Terry (November 11, 1999). "The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web". Stanford University. http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
26. ^ "Technology Overview". Corporate Information. Google, Inc.. http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
27. ^ Page, Larry (August 18, 1997). "PageRank: Bringing Order to the Web". Stanford Digital Library Project. Archived from [www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1 the original] on May 6, 2002. http://web.archive.org/web/20020506051802/www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
7- ^ Li, Yanhong (August 6, 2002). "Toward a qualitative search engine". Internet Computing, IEEE (IEEE Computer Society) 2 (4): 24–29. doi:10.1109/4236.707687. ISSN 1089-7801. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=707687. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
8- ^ US patent 5920859, Li, Yanhong, "Hypertext document retrieval system and method", issued July 6, 1999, assigned to IDD Enterprises, L.P.
9- ^ Greenberg, Andy (October 05, 2009). "The Man Who's Beating Google". Forbes Magazine. http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/1005/technology-baidu-robin-li-man-whos-beating-google_2.html. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
10- ^ "About: RankDex". RankDex.com. http://www.rankdex.com/about.html. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
11- ^ Battelle, John (August 2005). "The Birth of Google". Wired Magazine. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/battelle.html?tw=wn_tophead_4. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
12- ^ "9 People, Places & Things That Changed Their Names". Mental Floss. http://blogs.static.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/22707.html. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
13- ^ "Backrub search engine at Stanford University". Archived from the original on December 10, 1997. http://web.archive.org/web/19971210065425/backrub.stanford.edu/backrub.html. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
14- ^ Koller, David (January 2004). "Origin of the name "Google"". Stanford University. http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
15- ^ Hanley, Rachael (February 12, 2003). "From Googol to Google". The Stanford Daily (Stanford University). http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google/. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
16- ^ "Google! Beta website". Google, Inc.. Archived from the original on February 2, 1999. http://web.archive.org/web/19990221202430/www.google.com/company.html. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
17- ^ "Google! Search Engine". Stanford University. Archived from the original on November 11, 1998. http://web.archive.org/web/19981111183552/http://google.stanford.edu/. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
18- ^ "WHOIS — google.com". http://whois.dnsstuff.com/tools/whois.ch?ip=google.com. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
19- ^ "Craig Silverstein's website". Stanford University. Archived from the original on October 2, 1999. http://web.archive.org/web/19991002122809/www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~csilvers/. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
20- ^ Kopytoff, Verne (September 07, 2008). "Craig Silverstein grew a decade with Google". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications, Inc.). http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-09-07/news/17161124_1_larry-page-google-search-engine. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
21- ^ "Google Server Assembly". Computer History Museum. http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102662167. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
22- ^ a b Kopytoff, Verne (April 29, 2004). "For early Googlers, key word is $$$". San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco: Hearst Communications). http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/04/29/MNGLD6CFND34.DTL. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
23- http://translate.google.ae/translate
24- http://www.quickonlinetips.com
25- http://www.kidrex.org/
26- http://investor.google.com/financial/2008/tables.html
27- http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?chxs=0,000000,11.5&chxt=x&chs=244x127&cht=p&chco=FF0000&chd=s:Wn&chdl=2007|2008&chl=16%2C412%2C643+|21%2C128%2C514&chma=50&chtt=Total+Advertising+Revenues&chts=000000,11.5
28- http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?chs=260x110&cht=p3&chco=7777CC|76A4FB|3399CC|3366CC&chd=s:Xm&chdl=2008%09|2009&chl=6%2C632+%09|8%2C312&chma=50&chtt=google+Income+from+Operations+in+millions+&chts=000000,11.5
29- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate
30- http://technology.globalthoughtz.com/index.php/10-toughest-competitors-of-google-in-2010/
31- http://technology.globalthoughtz.com/index.php/google-vs-microhoo/
32- http://technology.globalthoughtz.com/index.php/is-bing-the-king/
33- ^ http://mashable.com/2010/06/09/google-maps-navigation-canada-europe/^ http://googlevoiceblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/google-voice-for-iphone.html
34- ^ New Android App Controls YouTube on Your TV
35- ^ http://www.google.com/mobile/goggles/#landmark
36- ^ The Android Google Reader app is here!
37- ^ Google opens e-book store in challenge to Amazon
38- ^ "google notebook blog: stopping development on google notebook"
39- ^ http://googlerussiablog.blogspot.com/2007/06/google.html
40- ^ "From lost to found"
41- ^ "Your slice of the web"
42- ^ "Lively No More" Official Google Blog.
43- ^ http://www.wideorbit.com/wideorbi
1. ^ a b c d e f g "Google Milestones". Corporate Information. Google, Inc.. http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
2. ^ Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Google Inc. (Delaware). August 24, 2004. http://investor.google.com/corporate/certificate-of-incorporation.html. Retrieved September 27, 2008.
3. ^ a b c d e "Financial Tables". Google Investor Relations. http://investor.google.com/fin_data.html. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
4. ^ a b c d e U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (2009). "Form 10-K". Washington, D.C.: United States of America. Part II, Item 6. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312510030774/d10k.htm#toc95279_8. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
5. ^ "Google Announces Third Quarter 2010 Financial Results". Google Investor Relations. October 14, 2010. http://investor.google.com/earnings/2010/Q3_google_earnings.html#g-doc. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
6. ^ See: List of Google products.
7. ^ David A. Vise (October 21, 2005). [David A. Vise "Online Ads Give Google Huge Gain in Profit"]. The Washington Post. David A. Vise. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
8. ^ Ignatius, Adi (February 12, 2006). "Meet the Google Guys". Time Magazine (San Francisco, CA: Time Inc.). http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1158956,00.html. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
9. ^ "The Google Guys". CBS News.com (CBS Interactive). March 12, 2009. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4835250n&tag=mncol;lst;1. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
10. ^ Barrett, Brian (February 4, 2010). "Google Wants to Add Store Interiors to Maps". Gizmodo. http://gizmodo.com/5464532/google-wants-to-add-store-interiors-to-maps. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
11. ^ "Google Corporate Information". Google, Inc.. http://www.google.com/corporate/. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
12. ^ "Google Code of Conduct". Google, Inc.. April 8, 2009. http://investor.google.com/conduct.html. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
13. ^ Lenssen, Philip (July 16, 2007). 16, 2007-n55.html "Paul Buchheit on Gmail, AdSense and More". Google Blogscoped. http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2007-07-16-n55.html 16, 2007-n55.html. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
14. ^ "Pandia Search Engine News — Google: one million servers and counting". Pandia Search Engine News. July 2, 2007. http://www.pandia.com/sew/481-gartner.html. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
15. ^ Kuhn, Eric (December 18, 2009). "CNN Politics — Political Ticker... Google unveils top political searches of 2009". CNN. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/18/google-unveils-top-political-searches-of-2009/. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
16. ^ "MapReduce". Portal.acm.org. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1327452.1327492. Retrieved 2009-08-16.
17. ^ Czajkowski, Grzegorz (November 21, 2008). "Sorting 1PB with MapReduce". Official Google Blog. Google, Inc.. http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/sorting-1pb-with-mapreduce.html. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
18. ^ Kennedy, Niall (January 8, 2008). "Google processes over 20 petabytes of data per day". Niall Kennedy's Weblog. Niall Kennedy. http://www.niallkennedy.com/blog/2008/01/google-mapreduce-stats.html. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
19. ^ Schonfeld, Erick (January 9, 2008). "Google Processing 20,000 Terabytes A Day, And Growing". TechCrunch. TechCrunch. http://techcrunch.com/2008/01/09/google-processing-20000-terabytes-a-day-and-growing/. Retrieved February 16, 2010.
20. ^ "Alexa Traffic Rank for Google (three month average)". Alexa Internet. http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/google.com. Retrieved September 6, 2009.
21. ^ "Top 100 Most Powerful Brands of 2009" (PDF). BrandZ. 2008. p. 9. http://c1547732.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/BrandZ_Top100_2010.pdf. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
22. ^ "Google ranked 'worst' on privacy". BBC News. June 11, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6740075.stm. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
23. ^ Rosen, Jeffrey (November 30, 2008). "Google’s Gatekeepers". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/magazine/30google-t.html?_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss&pagewanted=all. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
24. ^ Williamson, Alan (January 12, 2005). "An evening with Google's Marissa Mayer". Alan Williamson. http://alan.blog-city.com/an_evening_with_googles_marissa_mayer.htm. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
25. ^ Page, Lawrence; Brin, Sergey; Motwani, Rajeev; Winograd, Terry (November 11, 1999). "The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web". Stanford University. http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
26. ^ "Technology Overview". Corporate Information. Google, Inc.. http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
27. ^ Page, Larry (August 18, 1997). "PageRank: Bringing Order to the Web". Stanford Digital Library Project. Archived from [www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1 the original] on May 6, 2002. http://web.archive.org/web/20020506051802/www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
7- ^ Li, Yanhong (August 6, 2002). "Toward a qualitative search engine". Internet Computing, IEEE (IEEE Computer Society) 2 (4): 24–29. doi:10.1109/4236.707687. ISSN 1089-7801. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=707687. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
8- ^ US patent 5920859, Li, Yanhong, "Hypertext document retrieval system and method", issued July 6, 1999, assigned to IDD Enterprises, L.P.
9- ^ Greenberg, Andy (October 05, 2009). "The Man Who's Beating Google". Forbes Magazine. http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/1005/technology-baidu-robin-li-man-whos-beating-google_2.html. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
10- ^ "About: RankDex". RankDex.com. http://www.rankdex.com/about.html. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
11- ^ Battelle, John (August 2005). "The Birth of Google". Wired Magazine. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/battelle.html?tw=wn_tophead_4. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
12- ^ "9 People, Places & Things That Changed Their Names". Mental Floss. http://blogs.static.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/22707.html. Retrieved December 20, 2009.
13- ^ "Backrub search engine at Stanford University". Archived from the original on December 10, 1997. http://web.archive.org/web/19971210065425/backrub.stanford.edu/backrub.html. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
14- ^ Koller, David (January 2004). "Origin of the name "Google"". Stanford University. http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
15- ^ Hanley, Rachael (February 12, 2003). "From Googol to Google". The Stanford Daily (Stanford University). http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google/. Retrieved February 15, 2010.
16- ^ "Google! Beta website". Google, Inc.. Archived from the original on February 2, 1999. http://web.archive.org/web/19990221202430/www.google.com/company.html. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
17- ^ "Google! Search Engine". Stanford University. Archived from the original on November 11, 1998. http://web.archive.org/web/19981111183552/http://google.stanford.edu/. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
18- ^ "WHOIS — google.com". http://whois.dnsstuff.com/tools/whois.ch?ip=google.com. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
19- ^ "Craig Silverstein's website". Stanford University. Archived from the original on October 2, 1999. http://web.archive.org/web/19991002122809/www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~csilvers/. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
20- ^ Kopytoff, Verne (September 07, 2008). "Craig Silverstein grew a decade with Google". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications, Inc.). http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-09-07/news/17161124_1_larry-page-google-search-engine. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
21- ^ "Google Server Assembly". Computer History Museum. http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/accession/102662167. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
22- ^ a b Kopytoff, Verne (April 29, 2004). "For early Googlers, key word is $$$". San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco: Hearst Communications). http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/04/29/MNGLD6CFND34.DTL. Retrieved February 19, 2010.
23- http://translate.google.ae/translate
24- http://www.quickonlinetips.com
25- http://www.kidrex.org/
26- http://investor.google.com/financial/2008/tables.html
27- http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?chxs=0,000000,11.5&chxt=x&chs=244x127&cht=p&chco=FF0000&chd=s:Wn&chdl=2007|2008&chl=16%2C412%2C643+|21%2C128%2C514&chma=50&chtt=Total+Advertising+Revenues&chts=000000,11.5
28- http://chart.apis.google.com/chart?chs=260x110&cht=p3&chco=7777CC|76A4FB|3399CC|3366CC&chd=s:Xm&chdl=2008%09|2009&chl=6%2C632+%09|8%2C312&chma=50&chtt=google+Income+from+Operations+in+millions+&chts=000000,11.5
29- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Translate
30- http://technology.globalthoughtz.com/index.php/10-toughest-competitors-of-google-in-2010/
31- http://technology.globalthoughtz.com/index.php/google-vs-microhoo/
32- http://technology.globalthoughtz.com/index.php/is-bing-the-king/
33- ^ http://mashable.com/2010/06/09/google-maps-navigation-canada-europe/^ http://googlevoiceblog.blogspot.com/2010/11/google-voice-for-iphone.html
34- ^ New Android App Controls YouTube on Your TV
35- ^ http://www.google.com/mobile/goggles/#landmark
36- ^ The Android Google Reader app is here!
37- ^ Google opens e-book store in challenge to Amazon
38- ^ "google notebook blog: stopping development on google notebook"
39- ^ http://googlerussiablog.blogspot.com/2007/06/google.html
40- ^ "From lost to found"
41- ^ "Your slice of the web"
42- ^ "Lively No More" Official Google Blog.
43- ^ http://www.wideorbit.com/wideorbi
What you like/do-not-like about the company/product/technology
- Google Translate
Google Translate is a free statistically-based machine translation service provided by Google Inc. to translate a section of text, document or webpage, into another language. The service was introduced in 2007. Prior to that Google used a SYSTRAN based translator which is used by other translation services such as Babel Fish, AOL, and Yahoo.
- Features and limitations
The service limits the number of paragraphs, or range of technical terms, that will be translated. It is also possible to enter searches in a source language that are first translated to a destination language allowing you to browse and interpret results from the selected destination language in the source language. For some languages, users are asked for alternate translations such as for technical terms, to be included for future updates to the translation process. Text in a foreign language can be typed, and if "Detect Language" is selected, it will not only detect the language but also translate it into English by default.
Google Translate, like other automatic translation tools, has its limitations. While it can help the reader to understand the general content of a foreign language text, it does not always deliver accurate translations. Some languages produce better results than others. As of 2010, French to English translation is very good; however, rule-based machine translations perform better if the text to be translated is shorter; this effect is particularly evident in Chinese to English translations.
Texts written in the Greek, Devanagari, Cyrillic and Arabic scripts can be transliterated automatically from phonetic equivalents written in the Latin alphabet.
- Browser integration
A number of Firefox extensions exist for Google services, and likewise for Google Translate, which allow right-click command access to the translation service.
An extension for Google's Chrome browser also exists; in February 2010, Google translate was integrated into the standard Google Chrome browser for automatic webpage translation.
- Language options
(by chronological order of introduction)
• 1st stage
• English to French
• English to German
• English to Spanish • French to English
• German to English
• Spanish to English
• 2nd stage
• English to Portuguese
• English to Dutch • Portuguese to English
• Dutch to English
• 3rd stage
• English to Italian • Italian to English
• 4th stage
• English to Chinese (Simplified)
• English to Japanese
• English to Korean • Chinese (Simplified) to English
• Japanese to English
• Korean to English
• 5th stage (launched December 2006)
• English to Russian • Russian to English
• 6th stage (launched April 2007)
• English to Arabic • Arabic to English
• 7th stage (launched February 2007)
• English to Chinese (Traditional)
• Chinese (Simplified to Traditional) • Chinese (Traditional) to English
• Chinese (Traditional to Simplified)
• 8th stage (launched October 2007)
o all 25 language pairs use Google's machine translation system
• 9th stage
• English to Hindi • Hindi to English
• 10th stage (as of this stage, translation can be done between any two languages, going through English, if needed) (launched May 2008)
• Bulgarian
• Croatian
• Czech
• Danish • Finnish
• Greek
• Norwegian
• Polish • Romanian
• Swedish
• 11th stage (launched September 25, 2008)
• Catalan
• Filipino
• Hebrew • Indonesian
• Latvian
• Lithuanian • Serbian
• Slovak
• Slovene • Ukrainian
• Vietnamese
• 12th stage (launched January 30, 2009)
• Albanian
• Estonian
• Galician • Hungarian
• Maltese
• Thai • Turkish
• 13th stage (launched June 19, 2009)
• Persian
• 14th stage (launched August 24, 2009)
• Afrikaans
• Belarusian
• Icelandic • Irish
• Macedonian
• Malay • Swahili
• Welsh
• Yiddish
• 15th stage (launched November 19, 2009)
o The Beta stage is finished. Users can now choose to have the romanization written for Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Greek, Hindi and Thai. For translations from Arabic, Persian and Hindi, the user can enter a Latin transliteration of the text and the text will be translated to the native script for these languages as the user is writing. The text can now be read by a text-to-speech program in English, Italian, French and German
• 16th stage (launched January 30, 2010)
o Haitian Creole
• 17th stage (launched April 2010)
o Speech program launched in Hindi and Spanish
• 18th stage (launched May 5, 2010)
o Speech program launched in Afrikaans, Albanian, Catalan, Chinese (Mandarin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Greek, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Latvian, Macedonian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Swahili, Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese and Welsh (based in eSpeak).
• 19th stage (launched May 13, 2010)
• Armenian
• Azerbaijani • Basque
• Georgian • Urdu
• 20th stage (launched June 2010)
• Provides romanization for Arabic.
• 21st stage (launched September 2010)
• Allows phonetic typing for Arabic, Greek, Hindi, Persian, Russian, Serbian and Urdu.
• Latin
- Translation methodology
It does not apply grammatical rules, since its algorithms are based on statistical analysis rather than traditional rule-based analysis. Google translate is based on an approach called statistical machine translation, and more specifically, on research by Franz-Josef Och who won the DARPA contest for speed machine translation in 2003. Och is now the head of Google's machine translation department. According to Och, a solid base for developing a usable statistical machine translation system for a new pair of languages from scratch, would consist in having a bilingual text corpus (or parallel collection) of more than a million words and two monolingual corpora of each more than a billion words. Statistical models from this data are then used to translate between those languages. To acquire this huge amount of linguistic data, Google used United Nations documents. The same document is normally available in all six official UN languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish), so Google now has a 6-language corpus of 20 billion words' worth of human translations. The availability of Arabic and Chinese as official UN languages is probably one of the reasons why Google Translate initially focused on the development of translation between English and those languages, and not, for example, Japanese and German, which are not official languages at the UN. Google representatives have been very active at domestic conferences in Japan asking researchers to provide them with bilingual corpora.
- Translation mistakes and oddities
Because Google Translate uses statistical matching to translate rather than a dictionary/grammar rules approach, translated text can often include apparently nonsensical and obvious errors, often swapping common terms for similar but nonequivalent common terms in the other language, as well as inverting sentence meaning.
Google Translate is a free statistically-based machine translation service provided by Google Inc. to translate a section of text, document or webpage, into another language. The service was introduced in 2007. Prior to that Google used a SYSTRAN based translator which is used by other translation services such as Babel Fish, AOL, and Yahoo.
- Features and limitations
The service limits the number of paragraphs, or range of technical terms, that will be translated. It is also possible to enter searches in a source language that are first translated to a destination language allowing you to browse and interpret results from the selected destination language in the source language. For some languages, users are asked for alternate translations such as for technical terms, to be included for future updates to the translation process. Text in a foreign language can be typed, and if "Detect Language" is selected, it will not only detect the language but also translate it into English by default.
Google Translate, like other automatic translation tools, has its limitations. While it can help the reader to understand the general content of a foreign language text, it does not always deliver accurate translations. Some languages produce better results than others. As of 2010, French to English translation is very good; however, rule-based machine translations perform better if the text to be translated is shorter; this effect is particularly evident in Chinese to English translations.
Texts written in the Greek, Devanagari, Cyrillic and Arabic scripts can be transliterated automatically from phonetic equivalents written in the Latin alphabet.
- Browser integration
A number of Firefox extensions exist for Google services, and likewise for Google Translate, which allow right-click command access to the translation service.
An extension for Google's Chrome browser also exists; in February 2010, Google translate was integrated into the standard Google Chrome browser for automatic webpage translation.
- Language options
(by chronological order of introduction)
• 1st stage
• English to French
• English to German
• English to Spanish • French to English
• German to English
• Spanish to English
• 2nd stage
• English to Portuguese
• English to Dutch • Portuguese to English
• Dutch to English
• 3rd stage
• English to Italian • Italian to English
• 4th stage
• English to Chinese (Simplified)
• English to Japanese
• English to Korean • Chinese (Simplified) to English
• Japanese to English
• Korean to English
• 5th stage (launched December 2006)
• English to Russian • Russian to English
• 6th stage (launched April 2007)
• English to Arabic • Arabic to English
• 7th stage (launched February 2007)
• English to Chinese (Traditional)
• Chinese (Simplified to Traditional) • Chinese (Traditional) to English
• Chinese (Traditional to Simplified)
• 8th stage (launched October 2007)
o all 25 language pairs use Google's machine translation system
• 9th stage
• English to Hindi • Hindi to English
• 10th stage (as of this stage, translation can be done between any two languages, going through English, if needed) (launched May 2008)
• Bulgarian
• Croatian
• Czech
• Danish • Finnish
• Greek
• Norwegian
• Polish • Romanian
• Swedish
• 11th stage (launched September 25, 2008)
• Catalan
• Filipino
• Hebrew • Indonesian
• Latvian
• Lithuanian • Serbian
• Slovak
• Slovene • Ukrainian
• Vietnamese
• 12th stage (launched January 30, 2009)
• Albanian
• Estonian
• Galician • Hungarian
• Maltese
• Thai • Turkish
• 13th stage (launched June 19, 2009)
• Persian
• 14th stage (launched August 24, 2009)
• Afrikaans
• Belarusian
• Icelandic • Irish
• Macedonian
• Malay • Swahili
• Welsh
• Yiddish
• 15th stage (launched November 19, 2009)
o The Beta stage is finished. Users can now choose to have the romanization written for Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Greek, Hindi and Thai. For translations from Arabic, Persian and Hindi, the user can enter a Latin transliteration of the text and the text will be translated to the native script for these languages as the user is writing. The text can now be read by a text-to-speech program in English, Italian, French and German
• 16th stage (launched January 30, 2010)
o Haitian Creole
• 17th stage (launched April 2010)
o Speech program launched in Hindi and Spanish
• 18th stage (launched May 5, 2010)
o Speech program launched in Afrikaans, Albanian, Catalan, Chinese (Mandarin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Greek, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Latvian, Macedonian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Swahili, Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese and Welsh (based in eSpeak).
• 19th stage (launched May 13, 2010)
• Armenian
• Azerbaijani • Basque
• Georgian • Urdu
• 20th stage (launched June 2010)
• Provides romanization for Arabic.
• 21st stage (launched September 2010)
• Allows phonetic typing for Arabic, Greek, Hindi, Persian, Russian, Serbian and Urdu.
• Latin
- Translation methodology
It does not apply grammatical rules, since its algorithms are based on statistical analysis rather than traditional rule-based analysis. Google translate is based on an approach called statistical machine translation, and more specifically, on research by Franz-Josef Och who won the DARPA contest for speed machine translation in 2003. Och is now the head of Google's machine translation department. According to Och, a solid base for developing a usable statistical machine translation system for a new pair of languages from scratch, would consist in having a bilingual text corpus (or parallel collection) of more than a million words and two monolingual corpora of each more than a billion words. Statistical models from this data are then used to translate between those languages. To acquire this huge amount of linguistic data, Google used United Nations documents. The same document is normally available in all six official UN languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish), so Google now has a 6-language corpus of 20 billion words' worth of human translations. The availability of Arabic and Chinese as official UN languages is probably one of the reasons why Google Translate initially focused on the development of translation between English and those languages, and not, for example, Japanese and German, which are not official languages at the UN. Google representatives have been very active at domestic conferences in Japan asking researchers to provide them with bilingual corpora.
- Translation mistakes and oddities
Because Google Translate uses statistical matching to translate rather than a dictionary/grammar rules approach, translated text can often include apparently nonsensical and obvious errors, often swapping common terms for similar but nonequivalent common terms in the other language, as well as inverting sentence meaning.
Competitors and threats
Google have had its impact in the industry with more than 150 products and will continue to grow with its ever increasing portfolio of the products. This is likely to happen but for these 10 companies which have posed some serious competition to Google.
1. Apple : Being from partners to rivals, Apple is one of the toughest opponents for Google in the year 2010. Today, Apple and Google have been locking their horns in the field of Smartphone, Mobile App Store, OS, Mobile Ad, and Online Music and so on. Likewise, Apple is more than up to the task of battling Google in these areas as well as browsers, where Google Chrome competes against Apple Safari. But battle between will intensify, as the market for the digital music and SmartPhones is all set for growth in 2010. Google’s music search along with its partner MySpace and Pandora are looking to compete with Apple’s iTunes, which was the No 1 music retailer in United States in 2009. Further, Google’s Android will have tough time as Apple’s iPhones continues to grab hold of the market all round the globe.
2. Microsoft: has one of the most dominant impact in the IT industry. So without a doubt it is Google’s biggest adversary in 2010 and these two giants will be locking their horns for market supremacy in areas such as search, collaboration tools and browsers. Talking of these two giants, Google has reigned as leaders in search, but with release of BING in May 2009, Microsoft has raised few questions amongst in Google’s management team. With features such as ranking search results based on relevancy to other users, Microsoft has linked Bing-related deals with Twitter, Facebook and Yahoo.
Microsoft have enhanced Bing, adding image search and mapping. But in response Google have unveiled real time search. In December, Google also added a photo search capability, a dictionary and a translator that finds relevant content in 40 languages. Entering 2010, Google still dominates search, with more than 70% of the market. Apart from search, the battle is likely to focus on cloud based collaboration tool.
Google Apps is designed to undercut sales of Microsoft products, including Exchange and SharePoint. Microsoft has responded with Office Web Apps, free Web-based versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote that are due out in 2010. Last but not the least; the browser war between these two is giants are likely to heat up in 2010. So 2010 awaits the answer if ever so popular Microsoft’s premier browser’s market share could be brought down by Google’s Chrome.
3. Amazon: In 2009, Google’s effort of scanning millions of out-of-print books and incorporating them in online search did gain up some momentum and helped themselves to publish over 500000 digital books for free to customers of Sony Reader and Barnes & Noble Nook, which is due in January. Further, there claims of opening up Google Editions, an e-book store, has opened up new rivalry with Amazon.
Amazon with its Kindle e-book reader is one of the leaders in e-book reader’s market. The other area where Google is taking on Amazon is in cloud computing. Google’s Apps Engine, a newbie cloud computing platform that allows developers to create their own Web applications and run them on Google’s infrastructure will be competing with Amazon’s Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2) which has already grab hold of market with its several upgrade after its release in 2006. So it will be a great battle to watch when these two giants fight for market supremacy on Cloud computing and E-book readership.
4. Facebook: probably the most popular stuff in the internet right now, has attracted 350 million active users in just six years and is subject of interest for the guys at Google too. In 2010, Google and Facebook rivalry is likely to heat up based on question that about the way people will find their information in future. With ever increasing use of social networking and the rise of Facebook, Google’s worry seems to be a viable one.
Orkut offers Google Friend Connect, a tool for Web publishers to add social networking content to their sites, in direct competition with similarly named Facebook Connect. Meanwhile, Facebook has sought out relationships with several arch-enemies of Google, including Microsoft and Yahoo. So its for sure that this battle is worth taking a note off in 2010.
5. Mozilla: With release of Google Chrome, Google has stepped into ever so popular browse battle. Mozilla has been in the markets for years and now this step from Google is likely to create the conflict of interest between these two.
Of late, the war between the two has heated up even more. The battle has now gone to the default search. Mozilla now has shown intent to kick Google out from its default search engine status. The latest rumours on the internet show that Mozilla is now eyeing to get a deal with Microsoft to make Bing as its default search engine in Firefox.
This may not impact Google immediately but eventually this move, if comes true, is likely to decrease Google’s share of the search market. Hence, Google now has Mozilla on a double war zone; first the obvious browser war and now the war over default searches.
6. Yahoo: When it comes to search, one of Google’s biggest competitors besides Microsoft is Yahoo. Yahoo has been in the market with variety of products in areas of email, Messenger, News, Search and Analytics services. So without doubt it will be a fearsome competitor for Google. In 2009, Yahoo made some improvements by integrating search with its rich content. Users can watch videos or stream music straight from the Yahoo search results page.
Yahoo also helps users find travel deals and compare product prices. Further, Yahoo has recently added Twitter to its search Page and if a joint search and advertising deal between Yahoo and Microsoft is approved by federal regulators, this could prove costly to Google. So the 2010 is the year to watch as other competitor look to outperform Google in the market with different joint forces being formed by their rivals..
7. Nokia: Today, Nokia has had grab hold of the mobile phone market with 4 out of 10 mobiles sold. With increase in the use of smart phones, the IT giants Google will be in rivalry with Nokia in periphery of operating systems for Smartphones. Symbian Open source operating system will be competing with Google’s Android. Nokia with recent deals with Microsoft is all set to bring Office Mobile to Symbian devices. With claim of releasing improved version of Symbian in 2010 means Google Android will have to face tough battle. But, Google’s Android is poised for major developments in 2010 and with commitments from Acer, Sony Ericcson, HTC and Motorola, this will be a worthwhile battle to watch in 2010 and years to come.
So, at this point one may feel Google has tough battle to fight in 2010. Most of the arch rivals are gearing up to poise serious threats either single handed or with collaboration. So, 10 line ups of interesting battle is all set to keep the 2010 interesting enough for us to watch and keep the Google on their toes
1. Apple : Being from partners to rivals, Apple is one of the toughest opponents for Google in the year 2010. Today, Apple and Google have been locking their horns in the field of Smartphone, Mobile App Store, OS, Mobile Ad, and Online Music and so on. Likewise, Apple is more than up to the task of battling Google in these areas as well as browsers, where Google Chrome competes against Apple Safari. But battle between will intensify, as the market for the digital music and SmartPhones is all set for growth in 2010. Google’s music search along with its partner MySpace and Pandora are looking to compete with Apple’s iTunes, which was the No 1 music retailer in United States in 2009. Further, Google’s Android will have tough time as Apple’s iPhones continues to grab hold of the market all round the globe.
2. Microsoft: has one of the most dominant impact in the IT industry. So without a doubt it is Google’s biggest adversary in 2010 and these two giants will be locking their horns for market supremacy in areas such as search, collaboration tools and browsers. Talking of these two giants, Google has reigned as leaders in search, but with release of BING in May 2009, Microsoft has raised few questions amongst in Google’s management team. With features such as ranking search results based on relevancy to other users, Microsoft has linked Bing-related deals with Twitter, Facebook and Yahoo.
Microsoft have enhanced Bing, adding image search and mapping. But in response Google have unveiled real time search. In December, Google also added a photo search capability, a dictionary and a translator that finds relevant content in 40 languages. Entering 2010, Google still dominates search, with more than 70% of the market. Apart from search, the battle is likely to focus on cloud based collaboration tool.
Google Apps is designed to undercut sales of Microsoft products, including Exchange and SharePoint. Microsoft has responded with Office Web Apps, free Web-based versions of Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote that are due out in 2010. Last but not the least; the browser war between these two is giants are likely to heat up in 2010. So 2010 awaits the answer if ever so popular Microsoft’s premier browser’s market share could be brought down by Google’s Chrome.
3. Amazon: In 2009, Google’s effort of scanning millions of out-of-print books and incorporating them in online search did gain up some momentum and helped themselves to publish over 500000 digital books for free to customers of Sony Reader and Barnes & Noble Nook, which is due in January. Further, there claims of opening up Google Editions, an e-book store, has opened up new rivalry with Amazon.
Amazon with its Kindle e-book reader is one of the leaders in e-book reader’s market. The other area where Google is taking on Amazon is in cloud computing. Google’s Apps Engine, a newbie cloud computing platform that allows developers to create their own Web applications and run them on Google’s infrastructure will be competing with Amazon’s Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2) which has already grab hold of market with its several upgrade after its release in 2006. So it will be a great battle to watch when these two giants fight for market supremacy on Cloud computing and E-book readership.
4. Facebook: probably the most popular stuff in the internet right now, has attracted 350 million active users in just six years and is subject of interest for the guys at Google too. In 2010, Google and Facebook rivalry is likely to heat up based on question that about the way people will find their information in future. With ever increasing use of social networking and the rise of Facebook, Google’s worry seems to be a viable one.
Orkut offers Google Friend Connect, a tool for Web publishers to add social networking content to their sites, in direct competition with similarly named Facebook Connect. Meanwhile, Facebook has sought out relationships with several arch-enemies of Google, including Microsoft and Yahoo. So its for sure that this battle is worth taking a note off in 2010.
5. Mozilla: With release of Google Chrome, Google has stepped into ever so popular browse battle. Mozilla has been in the markets for years and now this step from Google is likely to create the conflict of interest between these two.
Of late, the war between the two has heated up even more. The battle has now gone to the default search. Mozilla now has shown intent to kick Google out from its default search engine status. The latest rumours on the internet show that Mozilla is now eyeing to get a deal with Microsoft to make Bing as its default search engine in Firefox.
This may not impact Google immediately but eventually this move, if comes true, is likely to decrease Google’s share of the search market. Hence, Google now has Mozilla on a double war zone; first the obvious browser war and now the war over default searches.
6. Yahoo: When it comes to search, one of Google’s biggest competitors besides Microsoft is Yahoo. Yahoo has been in the market with variety of products in areas of email, Messenger, News, Search and Analytics services. So without doubt it will be a fearsome competitor for Google. In 2009, Yahoo made some improvements by integrating search with its rich content. Users can watch videos or stream music straight from the Yahoo search results page.
Yahoo also helps users find travel deals and compare product prices. Further, Yahoo has recently added Twitter to its search Page and if a joint search and advertising deal between Yahoo and Microsoft is approved by federal regulators, this could prove costly to Google. So the 2010 is the year to watch as other competitor look to outperform Google in the market with different joint forces being formed by their rivals..
7. Nokia: Today, Nokia has had grab hold of the mobile phone market with 4 out of 10 mobiles sold. With increase in the use of smart phones, the IT giants Google will be in rivalry with Nokia in periphery of operating systems for Smartphones. Symbian Open source operating system will be competing with Google’s Android. Nokia with recent deals with Microsoft is all set to bring Office Mobile to Symbian devices. With claim of releasing improved version of Symbian in 2010 means Google Android will have to face tough battle. But, Google’s Android is poised for major developments in 2010 and with commitments from Acer, Sony Ericcson, HTC and Motorola, this will be a worthwhile battle to watch in 2010 and years to come.
So, at this point one may feel Google has tough battle to fight in 2010. Most of the arch rivals are gearing up to poise serious threats either single handed or with collaboration. So, 10 line ups of interesting battle is all set to keep the 2010 interesting enough for us to watch and keep the Google on their toes
5- Strengths and weaknesses
Google is the most popular search engine in the world. It has millions of different websites that can serve the requirements of people. According to http://www.quickonlinetips.com that the meaning of the Google is (Googol is the mathematical term for a 1 followed by 100 zeros). However, through this report I will discuss the positive and the negative sides of searching on the Google website.
There are many positive sides of searching on Google network but I will mention the three most important sides. The first positive side is that Google has Different search methods and integrated such as (Google map, Google web, Google images, Google translate..eth) which can help people around world search for the specific information that they need easily. For example, if you look for exact images that related to your topic then you have to press to the images link in the home page of the Google and write in the search place the topic of the images. The second positive side is that searching on Google saving people time. For example, you can find the information that you are looking for it in lies time while if you are looking for the information in the book maybe it will take more time. The third positive side is that we can download many programs that we need it similar to Photoshop, MSN, and definition Program (which is between any machine and the computer like the printer). Fourth, it help people to find answer for them question by sharing the question with other people around the world. Finally people can search for the information and search free without pay any charge. Also there is special site for the kid which is http://www.kidrex.org/ which supports kids to kids to communicate with each other and it’s save for them.
On the other hand there are many negative sides of searching on Google website. The first negative side is that sometimes it open bad picture. For example, during our searching it may appear some bad website which is against our religion. Also, It has bad site that can effect in people behavior and teach them crime and terrorism and there is no control of ethics from the Google web administration. Moreover, not all the information that we find it is true there is some information is not treatises. As well, it reflects the opinions of people regardless of their scientific validity.
To sum up, Google has two sides positive and negative. But it’s one of the important methods that help people to search easily and communicate with each other around the world. It is one of the Luxury knowledge that you can have it and reach to your home without moving and searching
There are many positive sides of searching on Google network but I will mention the three most important sides. The first positive side is that Google has Different search methods and integrated such as (Google map, Google web, Google images, Google translate..eth) which can help people around world search for the specific information that they need easily. For example, if you look for exact images that related to your topic then you have to press to the images link in the home page of the Google and write in the search place the topic of the images. The second positive side is that searching on Google saving people time. For example, you can find the information that you are looking for it in lies time while if you are looking for the information in the book maybe it will take more time. The third positive side is that we can download many programs that we need it similar to Photoshop, MSN, and definition Program (which is between any machine and the computer like the printer). Fourth, it help people to find answer for them question by sharing the question with other people around the world. Finally people can search for the information and search free without pay any charge. Also there is special site for the kid which is http://www.kidrex.org/ which supports kids to kids to communicate with each other and it’s save for them.
On the other hand there are many negative sides of searching on Google website. The first negative side is that sometimes it open bad picture. For example, during our searching it may appear some bad website which is against our religion. Also, It has bad site that can effect in people behavior and teach them crime and terrorism and there is no control of ethics from the Google web administration. Moreover, not all the information that we find it is true there is some information is not treatises. As well, it reflects the opinions of people regardless of their scientific validity.
To sum up, Google has two sides positive and negative. But it’s one of the important methods that help people to search easily and communicate with each other around the world. It is one of the Luxury knowledge that you can have it and reach to your home without moving and searching
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